Fimbulvetr tra ecocritica e critica del testo
Parole chiave:
Ecocritica, NA Ragnarök, Il grande inverno (fimbulvetr)Abstract
Considerando la Vǫluspá, le testimonianze eddiche e scaldiche ad essa correlate e il loro adattamento nel trattato retorico di Snorri (con la pervasiva influenza dell’erudizione tardo-antica e della tradizione cristiana sulla loro fissazione scritta), questo contributo si propone di sondare l’utilità dell’applicazione dell’ecocritica, disciplina di matrice sociologica, all’analisi dei testi della tradizione manoscritta antico-islandese e della runologia svedese. Tecniche avanzate di indagine scientifica (come la vulcanologia e la dendrocronologia) e nuove metodologie e quadri teorici (come la geosemiotica) sembrano in grado di conseguire risultati estremamente interessanti, che si ritiene possano essere significativi per la mitografia antico-islandese e per la ricostruzione delle credenze alla base della cultura orale precristiana scandinava. Sotto l’impatto dell’attuale emergenza climatica, esse sono state applicate a una rilettura della Pietra di Rök, dove, nell’iscrizione runica, una serie di indovinelli riferiti alla morte del sole sarebbe derivata dai timori apocalittici suscitati dalla memoria di una catastrofe climatica, il fimbulvetr (Grande Inverno). L’inverno vulcanico del 536 è stato collegato all’invenzione poetica del fimbulvetr, il cui mito è effettivamente documentato in Islanda a partire dalla metà del XIII secolo, con un semplice riferimento nei Vafþrúðnismál e un breve resoconto nella Gylfaginning, dove esso è l’evento che scatena il Ragnarök. L’articolo riconsidera lo sviluppo e la variabilità del racconto del Grande Inverno nelle fonti scritte e la perspicuità dell’approccio ecocritico per la sua interpretazione filologica.
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